Patrice Lumumba's Murder
In today's text we resurrect Patrice Lumumba (PL), the first elected vice-president of the Congo, who died at the hands of his compatriots at the behest of foreign intelligence services (Belgium and the United States of America).
This, considered a hero by the people that chose it was denominated of form codified by "Satan" by the services of Belgian intelligence. But what did Patrice Lumumba defend that earned him a nickname so negatively powerful? In his last letter to his wife he wrote:
"No brutality, mistreatment or torture has ever forced me to ask for grace, for I would rather die with my head held high, my firm faith and my deep trust in the fate of my country, instead of living submissively and despised in these sacred principles. one day his word, but it will not be the story that Brussels, Paris, Washington or the United Nations will teach, but what they will teach in the emancipated countries of colonialism and their puppets. south of the Sahara, a story of glory and dignity. "
His nationalist frontality in foreign policy that he wanted to start was the basis of the declaration of war he received from Brussels, Paris and Washington. Perhaps if he had turned to Saint Gabriel, the patron of the diplomats, to insinuate his cunning in saying the opposite of what he thought of his interventions and speeches, the crime could have been avoided and the Congo lived a different history. Take note of Henry Wotton's definition of a diplomat: "a right man sent abroad to lie for his country." And why lie? The answer comes from former British Prime Minister Henry Jon Temple: "Britain has no eternal allies or perpetual enemies, only interests that are eternal and perpetual." And based on these two sentences we can define the foreign policy of most countries: an eternal and perpetual stake of interests.
Given Patrice Lumumba's "true" and nationalist discourse, promoting the end of the interests of foreign governments to the detriment of the Congolese people, it was evident that he had bought a war the size of Congo's mineral wealth.
Patrice Lumumba Prime Minister with Dag Hammarskjold
On 27 July 1960, Patrice Lumumba and Joseph Okito (Vice-President of the Congolese Senate) visited New York at the invitation of then Secretary of State General Dag Hammarskjold to seek support in the consolidation of his government and government strategies; in this stay receives the invitation to meet with US Secretary of State Christian Herter. In Washington the conversation with Christian Herter found no consensus in the American order to block the Soviet Union's access to the newly formed Democratic Republic of Congo. The US Department of State had information that two weeks after the independence of the Belgian Congo there was a request for military support from Patrice Lumumba to the Soviet Union against "Belgian imperialism." Patrice Lumumba's intransigence leads to his classification by the State Department of "an unmanageable individual."
Unfortunately for Africa, on 1 August 1960 the President of the United States - Eisenhower - presides over a meeting of the National Security Council whose topic was the possibility of the Soviet Union taking the Congo bases in the Congo. The US could not afford to lose the Congo to its main enemy. And before this, this threat to American sovereignty grows the consensus that the end justifies the means. The hypothesis of entry of military troops into the Congo is validated by President Eisenhower. At about the same time in the Pentagon, according to Dillon, a more surgical approach to eradicating the new government led by Patrice Lumumba is discussed.
But before, the United States used United Nations diplomacy through Dag Hammarskjold to curb the relationship between Patrice Lumumba and the Soviet Union. But PL breaks relations with the UN and threatens to expel peacekeepers because they believe they support the continued exploitation of minerals by the Belgian settlers. This threat of UN expulsion leads to the sharpening of President Eisenhower's opinion with outbursts like Patrice Lumumba "should fall into a river full of crocodiles," or "we have to do whatever it takes to get rid of it." This kind of outburst at National Security Council meetings may have been understood as an order to kill as testified by Jonhson in the US Senate Committee to study government operations with respect to intelligence activities.
By this time the head of the CIA in Congo - Lawrence Devlin - issues an alarming report stating that the scenario pointed to a formation of A potential Fidel Castro and a new Cuba.
Faced with this imminent danger, CIA chief Allen Dulles, as Noam Chomsky describes it, determined that Patrice Lumumba's fall was urgent and a priority. There was also the need to replace this leadership with a more flexible one and according to Western needs. Plans are being made to eliminate PL and its allies from agents, including Joe de Paris. Congo's President Joseph Kasa-Vubu is encouraged to join in the murder of Lumumba but refuses for peace and considers there is no other Congolese leader in line with Lumumba as reported by Devlin. However, his opinion turns out to have changed after armed conflicts in the Congo with the use of weapons and Soviet tanks by PL that culminated in the death of 1000 civilians. By this time exerting of its function of President acacba by firing the Prime Minister - Patrice Lumumba - by communism. This action promotes young Colonel Mobutu who becomes President with the full support of the USA.
Even after this change of power the CIA continued to consider the possibility of an assault on power by Mulumba and his followers. It was second Devlin necessary to annihilate the influence of Patrice Lumumba although he had moral objections to his murder. But Colonel Mobutu eventually captured Lumumba and his two allies, Joseph Okito and Maurice Mpolo as they tried to take refuge in Stanleyville. Subsequently, Mobutu transfers Lumumba to Katanga area of his enemy Moise Tshombe. Reports are that after being beaten by soldiers of Katanga, they were placed in vans and taken to the headquarters of the CIA.
After this dispatch from Patrice Lumumba and his two allies to Katanga the great certainty is that they were the three dead and tortured by Congolese under the supervision of Belgian mercenaries, on January 17, 1961. Although the first version reported in the New York Times refers to the his death on February 14, 1961. In fact the murder coincides with the day Eisenhower gives the farewell address once he lost the election to the young politician John F. Kennedy. The same was only informed of this death on February 13 at a time when Jaques Lowe captures the photo in which he regrets what happened.
Photo taken on February 13, 1961 at the time JFK is informed about the death of Patrice Lumumba.
After this death of the nationalist leadership in this intricate web of interests, and as JFK predicted, it enters a phase of decline, civil war and the depletion of natural wealth. In 1965 Joseph Mobutu assumes power by establishing a military dictatorship that sank the Congo into a battlefield and civil war.
But because hope is the last to die and Victory is Right, we leave the words of Patrice Lumumba in his last letter: "Do not cry for me, my dear companion. I know that my country, which suffers so much, will know how to defend its independence and live the Congo!
Lueji Dharma, November 27
Hubert Humphrey Fellow / MIT2013
Homage to African heroes
Patrice Lumumba Congo's Prime Minister-elect
This, considered a hero by the people that chose it was denominated of form codified by "Satan" by the services of Belgian intelligence. But what did Patrice Lumumba defend that earned him a nickname so negatively powerful? In his last letter to his wife he wrote:
"No brutality, mistreatment or torture has ever forced me to ask for grace, for I would rather die with my head held high, my firm faith and my deep trust in the fate of my country, instead of living submissively and despised in these sacred principles. one day his word, but it will not be the story that Brussels, Paris, Washington or the United Nations will teach, but what they will teach in the emancipated countries of colonialism and their puppets. south of the Sahara, a story of glory and dignity. "
His nationalist frontality in foreign policy that he wanted to start was the basis of the declaration of war he received from Brussels, Paris and Washington. Perhaps if he had turned to Saint Gabriel, the patron of the diplomats, to insinuate his cunning in saying the opposite of what he thought of his interventions and speeches, the crime could have been avoided and the Congo lived a different history. Take note of Henry Wotton's definition of a diplomat: "a right man sent abroad to lie for his country." And why lie? The answer comes from former British Prime Minister Henry Jon Temple: "Britain has no eternal allies or perpetual enemies, only interests that are eternal and perpetual." And based on these two sentences we can define the foreign policy of most countries: an eternal and perpetual stake of interests.
Given Patrice Lumumba's "true" and nationalist discourse, promoting the end of the interests of foreign governments to the detriment of the Congolese people, it was evident that he had bought a war the size of Congo's mineral wealth.
Patrice Lumumba Prime Minister with Dag Hammarskjold
On 27 July 1960, Patrice Lumumba and Joseph Okito (Vice-President of the Congolese Senate) visited New York at the invitation of then Secretary of State General Dag Hammarskjold to seek support in the consolidation of his government and government strategies; in this stay receives the invitation to meet with US Secretary of State Christian Herter. In Washington the conversation with Christian Herter found no consensus in the American order to block the Soviet Union's access to the newly formed Democratic Republic of Congo. The US Department of State had information that two weeks after the independence of the Belgian Congo there was a request for military support from Patrice Lumumba to the Soviet Union against "Belgian imperialism." Patrice Lumumba's intransigence leads to his classification by the State Department of "an unmanageable individual."
Unfortunately for Africa, on 1 August 1960 the President of the United States - Eisenhower - presides over a meeting of the National Security Council whose topic was the possibility of the Soviet Union taking the Congo bases in the Congo. The US could not afford to lose the Congo to its main enemy. And before this, this threat to American sovereignty grows the consensus that the end justifies the means. The hypothesis of entry of military troops into the Congo is validated by President Eisenhower. At about the same time in the Pentagon, according to Dillon, a more surgical approach to eradicating the new government led by Patrice Lumumba is discussed.
But before, the United States used United Nations diplomacy through Dag Hammarskjold to curb the relationship between Patrice Lumumba and the Soviet Union. But PL breaks relations with the UN and threatens to expel peacekeepers because they believe they support the continued exploitation of minerals by the Belgian settlers. This threat of UN expulsion leads to the sharpening of President Eisenhower's opinion with outbursts like Patrice Lumumba "should fall into a river full of crocodiles," or "we have to do whatever it takes to get rid of it." This kind of outburst at National Security Council meetings may have been understood as an order to kill as testified by Jonhson in the US Senate Committee to study government operations with respect to intelligence activities.
By this time the head of the CIA in Congo - Lawrence Devlin - issues an alarming report stating that the scenario pointed to a formation of A potential Fidel Castro and a new Cuba.
Faced with this imminent danger, CIA chief Allen Dulles, as Noam Chomsky describes it, determined that Patrice Lumumba's fall was urgent and a priority. There was also the need to replace this leadership with a more flexible one and according to Western needs. Plans are being made to eliminate PL and its allies from agents, including Joe de Paris. Congo's President Joseph Kasa-Vubu is encouraged to join in the murder of Lumumba but refuses for peace and considers there is no other Congolese leader in line with Lumumba as reported by Devlin. However, his opinion turns out to have changed after armed conflicts in the Congo with the use of weapons and Soviet tanks by PL that culminated in the death of 1000 civilians. By this time exerting of its function of President acacba by firing the Prime Minister - Patrice Lumumba - by communism. This action promotes young Colonel Mobutu who becomes President with the full support of the USA.
Even after this change of power the CIA continued to consider the possibility of an assault on power by Mulumba and his followers. It was second Devlin necessary to annihilate the influence of Patrice Lumumba although he had moral objections to his murder. But Colonel Mobutu eventually captured Lumumba and his two allies, Joseph Okito and Maurice Mpolo as they tried to take refuge in Stanleyville. Subsequently, Mobutu transfers Lumumba to Katanga area of his enemy Moise Tshombe. Reports are that after being beaten by soldiers of Katanga, they were placed in vans and taken to the headquarters of the CIA.
Joseph Okito, Patrice Lumumba and Maurice Mpolo
After this dispatch from Patrice Lumumba and his two allies to Katanga the great certainty is that they were the three dead and tortured by Congolese under the supervision of Belgian mercenaries, on January 17, 1961. Although the first version reported in the New York Times refers to the his death on February 14, 1961. In fact the murder coincides with the day Eisenhower gives the farewell address once he lost the election to the young politician John F. Kennedy. The same was only informed of this death on February 13 at a time when Jaques Lowe captures the photo in which he regrets what happened.
Photo taken on February 13, 1961 at the time JFK is informed about the death of Patrice Lumumba.
After this death of the nationalist leadership in this intricate web of interests, and as JFK predicted, it enters a phase of decline, civil war and the depletion of natural wealth. In 1965 Joseph Mobutu assumes power by establishing a military dictatorship that sank the Congo into a battlefield and civil war.
But because hope is the last to die and Victory is Right, we leave the words of Patrice Lumumba in his last letter: "Do not cry for me, my dear companion. I know that my country, which suffers so much, will know how to defend its independence and live the Congo!
Lueji Dharma, November 27
Hubert Humphrey Fellow / MIT2013
Homage to African heroes
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